Abstract: With the rapid development of satellites Earth observation, navigation and positioning, the orbit of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites requires the meter-level accuracy level or even higher. In this paper, we study the method of GEO satellites fast positioning using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) delay data. First of all, we analyze the theoretical accuracy of VLBI delay. After that we conduct the GEO satellite observation experiment and data correlation using Chinese VLBI Network. Finally, the positioning calculation of GEO satellite is completed by using short-time VLBI delay data. In order to solve the problem of outliers related to stations and baselines in VLBI delay, we also study the corresponding detection and correction methods. After correction and reprocessing, the measurement accuracy of VLBI residual delay is about 0.16ns, which is equivalent to the transverse position error of about 0.58 meters. The research in this paper can be used for fast and high-precision positioning and rapid orbit recovery of GEO satellites.