伽马噪窄线赛弗特1型星系TXS 1206+549的中红外波段光变性质研究
Mid-infrared Variability Properties of Gamma-ray-loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy TXS 1206+549
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摘要: TXS 1206+549(红移z=1.344)是目前发现的最遥远的伽马噪窄线赛弗特1型星系。利用广域红外巡天探测器(Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, WISE)的长期测光数据,从两个方面系统研究了TXS 1206+549中红外波段的光变性质。首先,联合3种统计方法,研究了TXS 1206+549的日内光变(Intraday Variability, IDV),发现TXS 1206+549在2022年4月29日达到迄今为止所有WISE观测窗口的最亮水平,表现出非常特殊的光变过程:在约1.24天内,3.4 μm和4.6 μm波段分别持续变暗约1.1 mag和1.0 mag。据调研,这是第1次报道关于TXS 1206+549高置信度的中红外波段日内光变。TXS 1206+549在3.4 μm和4.6 μm波段的占空系数(Duty Cycle, DC)分别为27.8%和13.7%,明显低于Rakshit等人的结果,这是由于我们采用了相对保守的日内光变标准(大于3σ)。基于所有WISE观测窗口的测光数据(共21个窗口),研究了均方根-流量(rms-flux)关系,发现两者之间存在显著的线性关系。另外,发现TXS 1206+549在长时标上未表现出显著的颜色变化(即消色差),但在天量级时标上普遍表现出变亮变蓝(Bluer-When-Brighter, BWB)的趋势。结果暗示不同时标上TXS 1206+549的中红外波段光变机制不同:长期光变可能与多普勒效应相关,日内光变则可能与喷流中的激波有关。Abstract: TXS 1206+549 (redshift z=1.344) is the most distant gamma-ray-loud narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy discovered so far. Using long-term photometric data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), we systematically investigate the mid-infrared variability properties of TXS 1206+549 from two aspects. First, the mid-infrared Intraday Variability (IDV) of TXS 1206+549 was investigated by combining three statistical methods. It is found that TXS 1206+549 reached the brightest level of all WISE observational epochs on April 29, 2022, exhibiting a very specific IDV:In the 3.4 μm and 4.6 μm bands, TXS 1206+549 continuously darkened by about 1.1 and 1.0 magnitudes, respectively, within about 1.24 days. The duty cycle (DC) of TXS 1206+549 in the 3.4 μm and 4.6 μm bands are 27.8% and 13.7%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the results reported by Rakshit et al. (2021). This ascribes to our more conservative IDV criterion (>3σ). The root-mean-square-flux (rms-flux) relationship was investigated based on the photometric data from all WISE observational epochs (21 in total), and a significant linear correlation was found. TXS 1206+549 did not exhibit significant color changes (i.e., achromatic) during the long-term timescale, but generally exhibited a trend of bluer-when-brighter (BWB) during day-long timescales. These results imply different mechanisms for the mid-infrared variability of TXS 1206+549 at different timescales:the long-term variability may be related to Doppler effect, while the IDVs may be related to shocks in the jet.
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