Abstract: Astronomical spectroscopy is crucial for exploring the physical properties, chemical composition, and kinematic behavior of celestial objects. With continuous advancements in observational technology, astronomical spectroscopy faces the dual challenges of rapidly expanding data volumes and relatively lagging data processing capabilities. In this context, the rise of artificial intelligence technologies offers an innovative solution to address these challenges. This paper analyzes the latest developments in the application of machine learning for astronomical spectral data mining and discusses future research directions in AI-based spectral studies. However, the application of machine learning technologies presents several challenges. The high complexity of models often comes with insufficient interpretability, complicating scientific understanding. Moreover, the large-scale computational demands place higher requirements on hardware resources, leading to a significant increase in computational costs. AI-based astronomical spectroscopy research should advance in the following key directions. First, develop efficient data augmentation techniques to enhance model generalization capabilities. Second, explore more interpretable model designs to ensure the reliability and transparency of scientific conclusions. Third, optimize computational efficiency and reduce the threshold for deep-learning applications through collaborative innovations in algorithms and hardware. Furthermore, promoting the integration of cross-band data processing is essential to achieve seamless integration and comprehensive analysis of multi-source data, providing richer, multidimensional information to uncover the mysteries of the universe.