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利用GPS测速估算接收机载体运动方位角

Azimuth Estimation of a Moving Receiver by GPS Speed Measurement

  • 摘要: 运动载体的方位角信息对导航定位十分重要。一般认为,全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)等卫星定位系统无法利用单接收机进行角度测量,因此也就无法直接获得单接收机载体的相关角度信息。全球定位系统等本身虽然无法对用户终端进行测姿,但却能够在测速的基础上解算获得运动中接收机载体的实时方位角。对这一原理进行了研究和阐述,并对其精度水平进行了分析。通过基于车载定位的实测试验,与磁力计传感器的角度测量结果进行对比,对方法的可行性和精度水平进行了验证。结果表明,利用全球定位系统测速的方法虽然无法进行接收机测姿方位角的估算,但对接收机运动方位角的估算是切实可行的,其精度与载体运动速度有关;当接收机载体达到一定的运动速度时,即能获得较高的精度水平。由此估算获得的方位角信息亦能作为一项状态量作用于定位结果的卡尔曼滤波等模型中,进一步提高滤波模型的精度。

     

    Abstract: The azimuth of a moving receiver is of vital importance for navigation and positioning. Generally, satellite systems such as GPS are considered that they cannot measure azimuthal angle with a single receiver, so, related angle information of a single receiver cannot be obtained directly, either. This paper proposes that these systems can get the real-time azimuth of a moving receiver through real-time resolution on the basis of speed measurement, albeit they themselves may not be able to measure the posture of the user terminal. This paper also studies and elaborates the principle above and analyzes its precision. The feasibility and precision of this method are verified by comparing the angle measurement results of magnetometer sensor in the actual measurement experiment of vehicle positioning. Results show that using GPS speed measurement to estimate the azimuth of a moving receiver is feasible, although it is impossible to estimate the azimuth of the posture of the user terminal. And the precision is related to the speed of the receiver-when the receiver moves up to certain speed, high precision can be obtained. Moreover, the azimuth information gotten by the method can also be used as a quantity of state in such models as Kalman filtering of positioning results and further improve its accuracy.

     

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