Abstract: An experimental platform of radio astronomy digital backend based on ROACH2 was built for the real-time processing requirements of astronomical signals. Using MATLAB, Xilinx and other development environments to simulate the process of astronomical signals, and the raw data were obtained; the signal control and pre-processing were realized by CASPER hardware platform, and the data packet was transmitted to the computing server through high-speed Ethernet for post-processing. The experimental platform has realized the complete process of simulation, compilation and operation, and provided a good experimental environment for the real-time processing of astronomical signals.