Study on Energy Spectrum Characteristics of EP and α “Double Tracking” Gamma-ray Bursts

Wang Chen; Peng Zhaoyang; Chen Jiaming

doi:10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20220415.003

Astronomical Research and Technology > 2022 > 19(6): 540-551. > DOI: 10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20220415.003 CSTR: 32083.14.j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20220415.003

Wang Chen, Peng Zhaoyang, Chen Jiaming. Study on Energy Spectrum Characteristics of E_P and α “Double Tracking” Gamma-ray Bursts[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2022, 19(6): 540-551. DOI: 10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20220415.003

Citation:

PDF (3578 KB)

Study on Energy Spectrum Characteristics of E_P and α “Double Tracking” Gamma-ray Bursts

College of Physics and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China

More Information

Received Date: January 24, 2022
Revised Date: February 15, 2022
Available Online: November 20, 2023

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

GRB 131231A is a special Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) with E_P and α possessing the “dual tracking” behavior. To further analyze the energy spectrum characteristics of the burst, we use the Bayesian method to perform a detailed time-resolved spectral analysis and find that 16 of the 24 resolved spectra have significant thermal components, which are mainly distributed in the early and peak stages of the pulse. Near the peak, the transition from matter-dominated to magnetic-dominated GRB jets is supported. After adding thermal components, parameters E_P and α become hard, while the peak flux F_p is almost unchanged. We calculate the characteristic parameters of the relativistic flow using the composition of the photosphere, and find that the initial radius r₀ of the flow characteristic parameter, the radius of the saturation layer r_s, the radius of the photosphere layer r_ph, and the Lorentz factor Γ during the coast phase of the flow all evolve significantly. The evolution of temperature over time can also be fitted by the inflection power-law model. The power-law index of its rising and falling stages are a=7.65 ± 3.48 and b=-2.10 ± 3.48, respectively. But b has a large deviation from the index value close to -2/3 obtained by previous study of other thermal pulses.
- Fermi Gamma-ray burst,
- prompt emission,
- spectral fitting,
- data analysis,
- optimal model

FullText(HTML)

References (37)

References

[1]	LI L. Multipulse Fermi Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. Evidence of the transition from fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated outflow[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2019, 242(2):16.
[2]	LI L. Thermal components in Gamma-ray Bursts. I. How do they affect non-thermal spectral parameters?[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2019, 245(1):7.
[3]	ZHANG B B, ZHANG B, LIANG E W, et al. A comprehensive analysis of Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst data. I. Spectral components and their possible physical origins of LAT/GBM GRBs[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2011, 730(2):141.
[4]	GUIRIEC S, KOUVELIOTOU C, DAIGNE F, et al. Toward a better understanding of the GRB phenomenon:a new model for GRB prompt emission and its effects on the new LiNT-Epeak, irest, NT relation[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2015, 807(2):148.
[5]	NORRIS J P, SHARE G H, MESSINA D C, et al. Spectral evolution of pulse structures in gamma-ray bursts[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1986, 301(1):213-219.
[6]	BHAT P N, FISHMAN G J, MEEGAN C A, et al. Spectral evolution of a subclass of Gamma-Ray Bursts observed by BATSE[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1994, 426:604-611.
[7]	HAKKILA J, PREECE R D. Unification of pulses in long and short Gamma-Ray Bursts:evidence from pulse properties and their correlations[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2011, 740(2):104.
[8]	KARGATIS V E. Continuum spectral evolution of gamma-ray bursts[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1994, 422:260-268.
[9]	LI L, GENG J J, MENG Y Z, et al. "Double-tracking" characteristic of the spectral evolution of GRB 131231A:synchrotron origin?[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2019, 884(2):109.
[10]	OGANESYAN G, NAVA L, GHIRLANDA G, et al. Characterization of Gamma-Ray Burst prompt emission spectra down to soft X-rays[J]. Astronomy&Astrophysics, 2018, 616:A138.
[11]	OGANESYAN G, NAVA L, GHIRLANDA G, et al. Prompt optical emission as a signature of synchrotron radiation in gamma-ray bursts[J]. Astronomy&Astrophysics, 2019, 628:A59.
[12]	BAND D L, MATTESON J, FORD L, et al. BATSE observations of gamma-ray burst spectra. I-Spectral diversity[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1993, 413(1):281-292.
[13]	AXELSSON M, BALDINI L, BARBIELLINI G, et al. GRB110721A:an extreme peak energy and signatures of the photosphere[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2012, 757(2):L31.
[14]	BURGESS J M, GREINER J, BÉGUÉ D, et al. A Bayesian Fermi-GBM short GRB spectral catalogue[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019, 490(1):927-946.
[15]	YU H F, DERELI-BÉGUÉ H, RYDE F. Bayesian time-resolved spectroscopy of GRB pulses[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2019, 886(1):20.
[16]	LI L, RYDE F, PE'ER A, et al. Bayesian time-resolved spectroscopy of multipulse GRBs:Variations of emission properties among pulses[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2021, 254(2):35.
[17]	ZHANG B B, ZHANG B, CASTRO-TIRADO A J, et al. Transition from fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated outflow in the three-episode GRB 160625B[J]. Nature Astronomy, 2018, 2(1):69-75.
[18]	MEEGAN C, LICHTI G, BHAT P N, et al. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2009, 702(1):791.
[19]	GRUBER D, GOLDSTEIN A, AHLEFELD V V, et al. The Fermi GBM Gamma-Ray Burst spectral catalog:four years of data[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2014, 211(1):12.
[20]	MICHAEL B J. On spectral evolution and temporal binning in Gamma-Ray Bursts[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2014, 445(3):2589-2598.
[21]	SCARGLE J D, NORRIS J P, JACKSON B, et al. Studies in astronomical time series analysis. VI. Bayesian block representations[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2013, 764(2):167.
[22]	IYYANI S, RYDE F, AXELSSON M, et al. Variable jet properties in GRB110721A:time resolved observations of the jet photosphere[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2013, 433(4):2739-2748.
[23]	PREECE R D, BRIGGS M S, MALLOZZI R S, et al. The BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst spectral catalog. I. High time resolution spectroscopy of bright bursts using high energy resolution data[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2008, 126(1):19-36.
[24]	FIRMANI C, CABRERA J I, AVILA-REESE V, et al. Time-resolved spectral correlations of long-duration γ-ray bursts[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2009, 393(4):1209-1218.
[25]	GHIRLAN DA G, NAVA L, GHISELLINI G. Spectral-luminosity relation within individual Fermi Gamma Rays bursts[J]. Astronomy&Astrophysics, 2010, 511(2):A43.
[26]	PE'ER A, RYDE F, WIJERS R A M J, et al. A new method of determining the initial size and Lorentz factor of Gamma-Ray Burst fireballs using a thermal emission component[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2007, 664(1):L1.
[27]	RYDE F, PE'ER A. Quasi-blackbody component and radiative efficiency of the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2009, 702(2):1211.
[28]	RYDE F. Smoothly broken power law spectra of gamma-ray bursts[J]. Astrophysical Letters&Communications, 1998, 39:281-284.
[29]	IYYANI S, RYDE F, BURGESS M J, et al. Synchrotron emission in GRBs observed by Fermi:its limitations and the role of the photosphere[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2016, 456(2):2157-2171.
[30]	LUCAS U Z, BING Z, JUDITH R. Toward an understanding of GRB prompt emission mechanism. II. Patterns of peak energy evolution and their connection to spectral lags[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2016, 825(2):97.
[31]	KUMAR P, PANAITESCU A. Afterglow emission from naked Gamma-Ray Bursts[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2000, 541(2):L51-L54.
[32]	UHM Z L, ZHANG B. On the curvature effect of a relativistic spherical shell[J]. Astrophysical Journal, 2015, 808(1):33.
[33]	UHM Z L, ZHANG B. Toward an understanding of GRB prompt emission mechanism. I. The origin of spectral lags[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2016, 825(2):97.
[34]	GAO H, ZHANG B. Photosphere emission from a hybrid relativistic outflow with arbitrary dimensionless entropy and magnetization in GRBs[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2015, 801(2):103.
[35]	AXELSSON M, ZHANG B B, et al. Identification and properties of the photospheric emission in GRB090902B[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2010, 709(2):L172.
[36]	HASCOЁT T R, DAIGNE F, MOCHKOVITCH R. Prompt thermal emission in gamma-ray bursts[J]. Astronomy&Astrophysics, 2013, 551:A124.
[37]	METZGER B D. Gamma-ray burst central engines:black hole versus magnetar[C]//Proceedings of the ASP Conference Series. 2010.

Articles Related

[1]	Sun Zhengxiong, Wang Jinqing, Yu Linfeng, Jiang Yongbin, Zhao Rongbing, Gou Wei, Wang Guangli. The High Precision Pointing Model Establishment of Tianma 13 m Radio Telescope [J]. Astronomical Techniques and Instruments, 2023, 20(1): 24-30. DOI: 10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20220625.001
[2]	Zhao Haisheng, Nie Jianyin, Li Xiaobo, Ge Mingyu, Li Chengkui, Song Liming. Design and Implementation of Data Analysis Software of Insight-HXMT Satellite [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2022, 19(5): 524-529. DOI: 10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20211115.001
[3]	Hu Xiaowei, Zhu Qingsheng. Screening and Analysis of Pointing Error Data Under Frame Model [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2021, 18(1): 77-86. DOI: 10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20200623.001
[4]	Wang Daozhou, Peng Zhaoyang, Chang Xuezhao, Chen Jiaming, Wang Chen, Luo Shuangling. Model Limitation of Break Power-Law Fitting of the Fermi GRB Time-Resolved Spectra [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2021, 18(1): 43-51. DOI: 10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20200624.003
[5]	Chang Wenwen, Aili Yusup. An Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of the Dish of a 25m Radio Antenna Based on the ASHRAE Clear-Sky Model [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2015, 12(1): 23-29.
[6]	Zhu Li, Wu Bin. Analysis of Models of Atmospheric Refraction with SLR Observations [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2011, 8(3): 262-267.
[7]	ZHENG Xiang-Ming, WANG Wu, FENG He-Sheng. Pointing Model Study of the 1.2m Telescope-Establishment of Small Period Model of Measuring Angle Coder [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2004, 1(1): 64-68.
[8]	Cao Wenda, Song Qian. Model of Spectral Fluxes for Solar Spectrograph [J]. Publications of the Yunnan Observatory, 1999, 0(S1): 400-404.
[9]	JIANG Hu, HUANG Cheng. DTM94 Atmosphere Model and Its Application [J]. Publications of the Yunnan Observatory, 1999, 0(4): 30-37.
[10]	Zhang Yuncheng. Mathematical Pointing Model Establishment of the Visual Tracking Theodolite for Satellites in Two Kinds of Observation Methods [J]. Publications of the Yunnan Observatory, 1998, 0(4): 66-69.