Relativistic Electrons in Super-Strong Magnetic Fields

Song Dongling; Gao Zhifu; Wang Na; Yang Wenjun; Peng Qiuhe

Astronomical Research and Technology > 2014 > 11(1): 1-12.

Song Dongling, Gao Zhifu, Wang Na, Yang Wenjun, Peng Qiuhe. Relativistic Electrons in Super-Strong Magnetic Fields[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2014, 11(1): 1-12.

Citation:

Song Dongling, Gao Zhifu, Wang Na, Yang Wenjun, Peng Qiuhe. Relativistic Electrons in Super-Strong Magnetic Fields[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2014, 11(1): 1-12.

Citation:

Song Dongling, Gao Zhifu, Wang Na, Yang Wenjun, Peng Qiuhe. Relativistic Electrons in Super-Strong Magnetic Fields[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2014, 11(1): 1-12.

PDF (876 KB)

Relativistic Electrons in Super-Strong Magnetic Fields

1.
Institute of Science, University of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2.
Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
3.
College of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

More Information

Received Date: March 27, 2013
Revised Date: July 23, 2013
Published Date: January 14, 2014

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Based on our previous work we derive a general formula for the pressure of degenerated relativistic-electron gas, P_e.The formula is suitable for electron gas in super-strong magnetic fields.Subsequently, we discuss the Landau levels of electrons and investigate the Quantum Electrodynamic (QED) effects on the equations of states (EOSs) for an n-p-e ideal-gas system, the pressure of which is dominantly from neutrons.Our main conclusions are as follows.(1) The P_e is related to the magnetic induction intensity B, matter density ρ, and electron fraction Y_e.(2) The stronger the magnetic field, the higher the electron pressure.(3) A high electron pressure could be caused by a high Fermi energy of electrons in a super-strong magnetic field.(4) A magnetar could be a neutron star deformed by its anisotropic inner pressure to be near an oblate spheroid and to be more compact than a usual radio pulsar.(5) Because of the positive contribution from the magnetic-field energy a magnetar can have a maximum mass larger than that of a usual radio pulsar.
- Magnetar,
- Landau levels,
- Super-strong magnetic fields,
- Electron Fermi energy,
- Electron pressure

FullText(HTML)

References (38)

References

[1]	Colpi M, Geppert U, Page D. Period dustering of the anomalous X-ray pulsars and magnetic field decay in magnetars[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2000, 529(1):L29-L32.
[2]	Kouveliotou C, Dieters S, Strohmayer T, et al. An X-Ray pulsar with a super strong magnetic field in the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR1806-20[J]. Nature, 1998, 393:235-237.
[3]	Walter H G Lewin, Michiel van der Klis. Compact stellar X-ray sources[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2004:547-586.
[4]	Thompson C, Duncan R C. The soft gamma repeaters as very strongly magnetized neutron stars. II. quiescent neutrino, X-ray, and Alfven wave emission[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1996, 473(1):322-342.
[5]	Peng Q H, Tong H. The physics of strong magnetic fields in neutron stars [J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2007, 378(1):159-162.
[6]	Peng Q H, Tong H. The physics of strong magnetic fields and activity of magnetars[C]//Proceedings of the 10^th Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos Mackinac Island, 2008.
[7]	Lai D, Shapiro S L. Cold equation of state in a strong magnetic field-effects of inverse Beta-Decay [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1991, 383(2):745-751.
[8]	Harding A K, Lai D. Physics of strongly magnetized neutron stars[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 2006, 69:2631-2708.
[9]	Das U, Mukhopadhyay B. Strongly magnetized cold electron degenerate gas:mass-radius relation of the magnetized white dwarf[J]. Physical Review D, 2012, 86(4):042001-042016.
[10]	Gao Z F, Wang N, Song D L, et al. The effects of intense magnetic fields on landau levels in a neutron Star[J]. Astrophysics and Space Science, 2011, 334(2):281-292.
[11]	Gao Z F, Peng Q H, Wang N, et al. Magnetic field decay of magnetars in supernova remnants[J]. Astrophysics and Space Science, 2012, 342(1):55-71.
[12]	Gao Z F, Peng Q H, Wang N, et al. The Landau level-superfluid modified factor and the overal soft X/Gamma-ray efficiency coefficient of a magnetar[J]. Astrophysics and Space Science, 2011, 336(2):427-439.
[13]	Bulik T, Miller M C. Spectral effects of the vacuum resonance in soft gamma-ray repeaters[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1997, 288(3):596-608.
[14]	Kohri K, Yamada S. Polarization tensors in a strong magnetic field[J]. Physical Review D, 2002, 65(4):043006.
[15]	Kuiper L, Hermsen W, Mendez M. Discovery of hard nonthermal pulsed X-ray emission from the anomalous X-Ray pulsar 1E 1841-045[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2004, 613(3):1173-1178.
[16]	Molkov S, Hurley K, Sunyaev R, et al. The broad-band spectrum of the persistent emission from SGR 1806-20 [J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2005, 433(2):13-16.
[17]	Mereghetti S, Gotz D, von Kienlin A, et al. The first giant flare from SGR 1806-20:observations using the anticoincidence ahield of the spectrometer on INTEGRAL[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2005, 624(2):105-108.
[18]	den Hartog P R, Kuiper L, Hermsen W. Detailed high-energy characteristics of AXP 1RXS J170849-400910. Probing the magnetosphere using INTEGRAL, RXTE, and XMM-Newton[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2008, 489(1):263-279.
[19]	Lyutikov M. Did swift measure gamma-ray burst prompt emission radii? [J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2006, 369(1):5-8.
[20]	Baring M G, Harding A K. Resonant compton upscattering in anomalous X-ray pulsars [J]. Astrophysics and Space Science, 2007, 308(1/4):109-118.
[21]	Nobili L, Turolla R, Zane S. X-ray spectra from magnetar candidates-I. Monte Carlo simulations in the nonrelativistic regime[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2008, 386(3):1527-1542.
[22]	Baring M G, Wadiasingh Z, Gonthier P L. Cooling rates for relativistic electrons undergoing compton dcattering in strong magnetic fields[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2011, 733(1):61.
[23]	Gonthier P L, Eiles M T, Wadiasingh Z, et al. Resonant compton upscattering in high field neutron stars[C]//Lewandowski W, Maron O, Kijak J. Electromagnetic Radiation from Pulsars and Magnetars. Proceedings of a Conference held at University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland. San Francisco:Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2012, 466:251.
[24]	Battesti R, Rizzo C. Magnetic and electric properties of a quantum vacuum[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 2013, 76(1):016401.
[25]	Shapiro S L, Teukolsky S A. Black holes, white swarfs and neutron stars:the physics of compact objects[M]. NewYork:Wiley-Interscience, 1983:121-190.
[26]	Bonazzola S, Gourgoulhon E, Salgado M, et al. Axisymmetric rotating relativistic bodies:a new numerical approach for 'exact' solutions[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1993, 278(2):421-443.
[27]	Khalilov V R. Macroscopic effects in cold magnetized nucleons and electrons with anomalous magnetic moments[J]. Physical Review D, 2002, 65(5):043001.
[28]	Perez M A, Perez Rojas H, Mosquera Cuesta H J. Magnetic collapse of a neutron gas:can magnetars indeed be formed?[J]. European Physical Journal C, 2003, 29:111-123.
[29]	Perez M A, Perez Rojas H, Mosquera Cuesta H J. Anisotropic pressures in very dense magnetized matter[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 2008, 17(11):2107-2123.
[30]	Paulucci L, Ferrer E J, de La Incera V, et al. Equation of state for the magnetic-color-flavor-locked phase and its implications for compact star models[J]. Physical Review D, 2011, 83(4):043009.
[31]	Bocquet M, Bonazzola S, Gourgoulhon E, et al. Rotating neutron star models with a magnetic field[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1995, 301(2):757-775.
[32]	Lai D. Matter in strong magnetic fields[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2001, 73(3):629-662.
[33]	Canuto V, Chiu H Y. Quantum theory of an electron gas in intense magnetic fields[J]. Physical Review, 1968, 173:1210-1219.
[34]	Canuto V, Chiu H Y. Intense magnetic fields in astrophysics[J]. Space Science Reviews, 1971, 12:3-74.
[35]	Kubo R. Statistics Mechanics[M]. Amsterdam:North-Holland Publishing Comporation, 1965:278-280.
[36]	Pathria R K. Statistics mechanics[M]. Singapore:Isevier, 2003:280-281.
[37]	Landau L D, Lifshitz E M. Quantum mechanics[M]. New York:Pergamon Press, 1965:459-460.
[38]	Das U, Mukhopadhyay B. Strongly magnetized cold degenerate electron gas:mass-radius relation of the magnetized white dwarf[J]. Physical Review D, 2012, 86:042001.

Articles Related

[1]	Wan Meiyan, Lu Tongsuo, Liao Sihan, Yu Baixue, Gao Beibei. Study on the Periodic Characteristics of High-energy Electrons Based on Maximum Entropy Spectral Estimation [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2021, 18(3): 405-412. DOI: 10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20201124.001
[2]	Huang Shijie, Zhang Haiyan, Gan Hengqian, Yue Youling, Hu Hao, Song Jinyou. A Study of Evaluation on Radio Interference of FAST Visitor's Electronic Devices [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2017, 14(2): 268-274.
[3]	Li Ying, Liu Qi, Liu Yanling, Sun Zhengwen, Chen Maozheng, Zhang Quntao. The Design and Actualization of the Electromagnetic Emission Evaluation Software for the Electronic Equipment at the Radio Astronomy Station [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2016, 13(1): 133-142.
[4]	Li Xirui. A Design of Improved Circuits of the Auxiliary Electronic System of a Hydrogen Maser [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2015, 12(3): 312-316.
[5]	Liu Qi, Wang Kai, Wang Yang, Liu Feng. Measurements of Radiation Characteristics of a Set of Electronic Backend Devices for Radio Astronomy [J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2014, 11(3): 218-223.
[6]	DUAN Chang-chun, XIE Rui-xiang. Acceleration of Bidirectional Eletron Beams in Corona [J]. Publications of the Yunnan Observatory, 2001, 0(4): 14-21.
[7]	WANG Jian-cheng. The Physical Effects of Relativistic Electrons and their Applications for High-energy Objects [J]. Publications of the Yunnan Observatory, 2001, 0(1): 79-81.
[8]	TIE Qun-xian, YANG Lei. Merits and Defects in the Electronic Level in the LLMC [J]. Publications of the Yunnan Observatory, 2000, 0(4): 34-37.
[9]	Wang Xiaobin, Tie Qiongxian. The Determination of the Parameters of the Electronic Levelling Instrument [J]. Publications of the Yunnan Observatory, 1997, 0(S1): 51-57.
[10]	Xie Ruixiang, Wang Min. The Radio Diagnosis of Micro Flare and Coronal Electron Acceleration—The Observations on Radio Spectra [J]. Publications of the Yunnan Observatory, 1997, 0(1): 18-24.