Storing, processing, and transmitting state confidential information are strictly prohibited on this website
Lei Maichang, Wang Jiancheng. Instruments and Methods of Data Analysis of Ground-Based Observation of Very-High-Energy Gamma rays[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2011, 8(2): 113-127.
Citation: Lei Maichang, Wang Jiancheng. Instruments and Methods of Data Analysis of Ground-Based Observation of Very-High-Energy Gamma rays[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2011, 8(2): 113-127.

Instruments and Methods of Data Analysis of Ground-Based Observation of Very-High-Energy Gamma rays

More Information
  • Received Date: February 22, 2010
  • Revised Date: June 06, 2010
  • Published Date: April 14, 2011
  • Very-high-energy(VHE,E≥100 GeV)γ-ray observation is an important part of the all-panchromatic astronomy and is a window used to investigate cosmic rays.As VHE γ-ray photons carry important physical information,study of these particles can greatly enhance our knowledge of cosmological evolution,generating mechanisms/environments/source-region geometry of high-energy cosmic-ray particles,as well as the interactions between high-energy particles or those between such particles and intergalactic medium.Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes(IACTs)have large effective collecting areas,wide fields of view(FoV),low-energy thresholds and high angular resolutions.These telescopes have become important tools of the VHE γ-rays astronomy.More than 90 VHE γ-rays sources have been detected by IACTs,some of which have been identified as Active Galactic Nuclei(AGN),Wolf-Rayet stars,Giant Molecular Clouds(GMCs),shell-type Supernova Remnants(SNRs),Pulsar Wind Nebulae(PWNe),and binary-star systems.In this paper,we review instruments and methods of data analysis of ground-based VHE γ-ray observation.
  • [1]
    Clark G W, Garmire G P, Kraushaar W L. Observation of High-Energy Cosmic Gamma Rays[J]. ApJ, 1968(153):203-207.
    [2]
    Weekes T C. Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy[M]. Taylor & Francis, 2003.
    [3]
    Weekes T C, Fazio G G, Helmken H F, et al. A Search for Discrete Sources of Cosmic Gamma Rays of Energy 10^{11}-10^{12} eV[J]. ApJ, 1972(174):165-179.
    [4]
    Weekes T C, Cawley M F, Fegan D J, et al. Observation of TeV Gamma Rays from the Crab Nebula Using the Atmospheric Cerenkov Imaging Technique[J]. ApJ, 1989(342):379-395.
    [5]
    Punch M, Akerlof C W, Cawley M F, et al. Detection of TeV Photons from the Active Galaxy Markarian 421[J]. Nature, 1992(358):477-478.
    [6]
    Catanese M, Akerlof C W, Badran H M, et al. Discovery of Gamma-Ray Emission above 350 GeV from the BL Lacertae Object 1ES 2344+514[J]. ApJ, 1998, 501(2):616-623.
    [7]
    Quinn J, Akerlof C W, Biller S, et al. Detection of Gamma Rays with E > 300 GeV from Markarian 501[J]. ApJ, 1996, 456(2):83-86.
    [8]
    Dazeley S A, Patterson J R. Monte Carlo Simulations of the CANGAROO玉 3.8 m Imaging Erenkov Telescope[J]. APh, 2001, 15(3):305-311.
    [9]
    Kifune T, Tanimori T, Ogio S, et al. Very High Energy Gamma Rays from PSR 1706-44[J]. ApJ, 1995, 438(2):91-94.
    [10]
    Muraishi H, Tanimori T, Yanagita S, et al. Evidence for TeV Gamma-ray Emission from the Shell Type SNR RX J1713.7-3946[J]. A&A, 2000(354):57-61.
    [11]
    Barrau A, Bazer-Bachi R, Beyer E, et al. The CAT Imaging Telescope for Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Astronomy[J]. NIMPA, 1998, 416(2-3):278-292.
    [12]
    Djannati-Atai A, Piron F, Barrau A, et al. Very High Energy Gamma-ray Spectral Properties of MKN 501 from CAT Erenkov Telescope Observations in 1997[J]. A&A, 1999(350):17-24.
    [13]
    Horan D, Badran H M, Bond I H, et al. Detection of the BL Lacertae Object H1426+428 at TeV Gamma-Ray Energies[J]. ApJ, 2002, 571(2):753-762.
    [14]
    Akhperjanian A, Kankanian R, Sahakian V, et al. The Optical Layout Of The HEGRA Cherenkov Telescopes[J]. ExA, 1998, 8(2):135-152.
    [15]
    Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A, Barrio J, et al. Evidence for TeV Gamma Ray Emission from Cassiopeia A[J]. A&A, 2001, 370(1):112-120.
    [16]
    Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A, Beilicke M, et al. Observations of 54 Active Galactic Nuclei with the HEGRA System of Cherenkov Telescopes[J]. A&A, 2004, 421(2):529-537.
    [17]
    Wei Cui. TeV Gamma Ray Astronomy[J]. ChJAA, 2009, 9(8):841-860.
    [18]
    Aharonian F, Buckley J, Kifune T, et al. High Energy Astrophysics with Ground-based Gamma Ray Detectors[J]. RPPh, 2008, 71(9):6901.
    [19]
    Völk, Heinrich J, Bernlöhr, et al. Imaging Very High Energy Gamma-ray Telescopes[J]. ExA, 2009, 25(1-3):173-191.
    [20]
    Doro M, Bastieri D, Biland A, et al. The Reflective Surface of the MAGIC Telescope[J]. NIMPA, 2008, 595(1):200-203.
    [21]
    Juan Cortina, Florian Goebel, Thoms Schweizer, et al. Technical Performance of the MAGIC Telescopes[EB/OL]. http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.1211.
    [22]
    Orito R, Bernardini E, Bose D, et al. Development of HPD Clusters for MAGIC-Ⅱ[EB/OL]. http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.0865.
    [23]
    Borla Tridon D, Goebel F, Fink D, et al. Performance of the Camera of the MAGIC Ⅱ Telescope[EB/OL]. http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.5448.
    [24]
    Meucci M, Paoletti R, Pegna R, et al. The Trigger System of the MAGIC Telescope:on-line Selection Strategies for Cherenkov Telescopes[J]. NIMPA, 2004, 518(1-2):554-556.
    [25]
    Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A G, Bazer-Bachi A R, et al. A Low Level of Extragalactic Background Light as Revealed by γ-rays from Blazars[J]. Nature, 2006(440):1018-1021.
    [26]
    Hinton J A. The Status of the H E S S Project[J]. New Astronomy Reviews, 2004(48):331-337.
    [27]
    Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A G, Barres de Almeida U, et al. HESS Observations of γ-ray Bursts in 2003-2007[J]. A&A, 2009, 495(2):505-512.
    [28]
    Davies J M, Cotton E S J. Solar Energy[J]. Science and Energy, 1957(1):16.
    [29]
    Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A G, Barrio J, et al. Evidence for TeV Gamma Ray Emission from Cassiopeia A[J]. A&A, 2001, 370(1):112-120.
    [30]
    Acciari V A, Beilicke M, Blaylock G, et al. VERITAS Observations of the γ-Ray Binary LS I +61 303[J]. ApJ, 2008, 679(2):1427-1432.
    [31]
    Kawachi A, Naito T, Patterson J R, et al. A Search for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from the PSR B1259-63/SS 2883 Binary System with the CANGAROO-Ⅱ 10 Meter Telescope[J]. ApJ, 2004, 607(2):949-958.
    [32]
    Kubo H, Asahara A, Bicknell G V, et al. Development of the Stereoscopic Data Acquisition System of the CANGAROO-Ⅲ Telescope[C]//T Kajita, Y Asaoka, A Kawachi, et al. Proceeding of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2003(5):2863-2866.
    [33]
    G V Bicknell, R W Clay, Y Doi, et al. Performance of the Atmospheric Cherenkov Imaging Camera for the CANGAROO-Ⅲ Experiment[C]//T kajita, Y Asaoka, A kawachi, et al. Proceeding of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2003(5):2859-2862.
    [34]
    Kubo H, Asahara A, Bicknell G V, et al. Status of the CANGAROO-Ⅲ project[J]. NewAR, 2004, 48(5-6):323-329.
    [35]
    M de Naurois. Analysis Methods for Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescopes[EB/OL]. http://arxiv.org/abs/0607.247.
    [36]
    Lemoine-Goumard M, Degrange B, Tluczykont M. Selection and 3D-reconstruction of Gamma-ray-induced Air Showers with a Stereoscopic System of Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes[J]. APh, 2006, 25(3):195-211.
    [37]
    Hillas A M. Cerenkov Light Images of EAS Produced by Primary Gamma[J]. ICRC, 1985(3):445-448.
    [38]
    Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A G, Bazer-Bachi A R, et al. Observations of the Crab Nebula with HESS[J]. A&A, 2006, 457(3):899-915.
    [39]
    Daum A, Hermann G, Hess M, et al. First Results on the Oerformance of the HEGRA IACT array[J]. APh, 1997, 8(1-2):1-11.
    [40]
    Li T D, Ma Y Q. Analysis Methods for Results in Gamma-ray Astronomy[J]. ApJ, 1983(272):317-324.

Catalog

    Article views (145) PDF downloads (10) Cited by()

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return