The relativistic effects of the orbital radius of a celestial body moving circularly are theoretically explored and applied to the cases of the inter planetary Spacecrafts and earth satellites. The results indicate that the observable relativistic effects exist in the two cases.

In the course of the fitting of line profiles, the objective function is highly non-linear and has more fitting parameters because of the asymmetry of line profiles, and therefore the domain of definition of the fitting parameters need be restricted. In this paper, the non-linear objective function is treated by means of the complete linearization method and the fitting parameters are restricted by using the punished function. Finally, the asymmetrical lines of the loop prominence of 1984 February 18 are fitted according to this method.

A 512-channel fast data acquisition system, composed of an AST 386 SX/20 microcomputer, a fast data acquisition board and a linear photodectric diode array, and the programming and flowchart for the observation and processing of the spectra of the solar meter-wave radio bursts arid principally introduced in this paper.

This paper reports on the determination of the time resolution of the recently developed data acquisition and processing system of the solar meter-wave digital acousto-optical spectrometer and on the discussion of the attainable maximum time resolution during the work of the spectrometer in different patterns.

Various types of radio spectrographs which are powerful tools for the study of molecular astronomy and their development situation home and abroad are introduced, with their strong and weak points being discussed. Finally, some types of radio spectrographs for the Yunnan Observatory are suggested.

The statistical characteristics and models of images are decribed in detail in this paper. The defects of the models which were in common use previously are discussed. The statistical characteristics of the models of some realistic image are analysed, with the results showing that they are nonstationary, nonergodic and high correlated spatially. The corresponding random parameter and descriptive statistical models are discussed and it is pointed out that the image restoration algorithms which operate on the global image (global estimator) will be superior to the point restoration algorithms which estimate 1 pixel at a time (point estimator).

During the astronomical observation carried out with a CCD detector, the noise of the on-chip MOSFET amplifier is the main noise sources of the CCD at a very low light level, its characteristics are summarized in Section 2, the noise depressing effects of the three typical methods for processing the readout signals for the CCD are analysed in Section 3, a new method for the signal processing for depressing the read-out noise of the CCD, which is called the "Correlated Milti-Sample", is proposed in section 4 and the experimental results of four samples for depressing the read-out noise of the CCDare presented in the last Section.

The people of the Achang nationality have their independent spoken language but without the written language, and it has not been found whether there is their traditional astronomy. It is known from our on-the-spot investigated results that the explanation of the universe spread far and wide among the Achang people is the understanding of the first stage of the development of astronomy. From about A. D. 1500 up to now the Achang nationality has become related to the Han nationality by marriage, been influenced gradually by the Han civilization and used the traditional Chinese calendar. The contents of the calendar before A. D. 1500 have been lost and only four traditional festivals and part of the primitive religions are preserved from which the hint of the historical remains of the original calendar can be got.Among the traditional festivals, the first is the "Woluo" festival, of which "woluo" was originally the voice of cheers made by the people when they had bumper harvests after hunting and then has become the festival of the mass song and dance activities, with the date being not fixed in January. The unmarried young people celebrate their "Watering Flowers" festival in some day of March, singing in antiphonal style and making friends. June 25is the "Torch" festival, of which the activities are varied and colourful. Oc-tober26 is the first day of the " Meeting in the Streets" festival, with a period of 5 or 6 days, and it means in original that the people celebrate their harvests of a year. From this it is inferred that the last two festivals arise from the twice celebrations of a new year in summer and in winter, respectively, and it is the very outstanding characteristics of the "Ten-Month Calendar." As for the new year in winter, after the people lived for 10 months, totally containing 360 days, they celebrate the new year by using the 5 or 6 days left in a year and then the festival has been "simply" transplanted into October of the lunar calendar. The fact that according to the primitive religions only the Sun but not the Moon is worshipped can be used as the evidence for the utilization of the solar calendar (i. e. the "Ten-Month Calendar").

After the internal joint observation of the solar maximum activity of the 22 nd Cycle in China and the international joint observation of Flares 22 Program and Max'91 Compaign, our high time-resolution data observed with the fast sampling radiotelescopes at three frequencies (1.42,2.84 and 3.67 GHz) and four frequencies (1.42,2.00,2.84 and 4.00 GHz) respectively, in two periods were processed. It is found that there is the fourth component of the solar radio radiation, i. e. the rapidly varying component (RVC) in the Sun. Ten categories of observational characteristics of the rapidly varying component are confirmed by us. Among them three are of great importance: 1. The superimposed characteristics. As compared with the slowly varying component (SVC) superimposed on the quiet component (QC), the RVC is superimposed on the burst background, 2. The rapidly varying characteristic. As compared with the 11-year period of QC, the 27-day period of SVC and the burst duration of a few hours or a few minutes, the RVC has a short life of a few seconds or a few milliseconds and 3. The high brightness temperature characteristic. As compared with the burst brightness temperature, the RVC has a brightness temperature as high as 1011-1016K. During the joint observations, a great deal of spikes (or the millisecond lives), rapid flutuations (or the subsecond lives) and impulses (or the second lives) were observed by us,but they all are the parts of the fourth component of the solar radio radiation, i. e. the rapidly varying component.