Beaming Effect of Blazars

In this thesis, the beaming effects of blazars and relevant theories are reviewed and some of our research work are presented. There are four chapters in this thesis altogether. Chapter one presents some elemental knowledge of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), such as classification and standard model. Chapter two summarizes observation characteristics of blazars i.e. the spectrum characteristics, the high luminosity, the high polarization, the apparent superluminal motion and the high energy emission for blazars.Chapter three introduces the relativistic jet model and explains observation characteristics with the relativistic jet model, for instance, the high luminosity, the violent variability, the high polarization, the apparent superluminal motion, the emission line and the high energy emission. And also introduces the observation evidences of the relativistic jet, the acceleration and deceleration models. There are some research work for the relativistic beaming effects of blazars in chapter four. First, a study of Doppler-boosting effect on the active galactic nuclei with relativistic bulk motion is presented. Second, we have derived a new relation between the minimum variation time scale of gamma-ray and that of other wavebands based on the acceleration model. Then, we have studied the polarization of blazars. Finally, we have proposed a new model of transient injection of relativistic electrons and succeeded in explaining the phenomenon of the spectral hardening in the outburst phase of the radio selected BL Lac objects