Figures of the Article

• Photograph of the Vivaldi PAF array.
• Coupling path of a PAF. Red numbers represent different types of signals throughout the transmission path, while LNA refers to low noise amplifiers.
• 25 m reflector and focal field distribution.
• Element arrangement and corresponding −10 dB edge taper area of the focal field at different spacings.
• Simulation results of coupling between elements 25 and 24 at different spacing, as well as elements 24, 23, and 22 at 0.2λ spacing.
• Simulation results of return loss for element 25 at different spacings, as well as elements 22, 23, 24, and 25 at 0.3λ spacings.
• Simulation results of input impedance with resistance and reactance for elements 1, 9, 17, and 25 at different spacings.
• Simulation results of beamforming patterns using PAFs combined with reflectors, under uniform excitation across the entire array, at different spacings.
• Simulation results of beamforming patterns using PAFs combined with reflectors, under uniform excitation by the focal field, at different spacings.
• Simulation results of beamforming patterns using PAFs combined with reflectors, under conjugate field matching excitation by the focal field, at different spacings.
• Simulation results of cross-polarization using PAFs combined with reflectors, with different excitation spacings.
• Simulation results of radiation efficiency using PAFs combined with reflectors under different excitation and spacings.