
Effects of the loss tangent on beam pattern.
Figures of the Article
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Several designs of membrane antennas.
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|S11| of the dipole membrane antenna.
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The beam patterns of the dipole model on the E-plane (A) and H-plane (B), simulated in free space.
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The beam patterns of the dipole model on the E-plane (A) and H-plane (B), simulated on a modeled lunar surface.
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Geometric structure of the membrane antenna.
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Aerial photograph of a membrane prototype antenna, taken by a drone.
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Optimization of membrane antenna parameters.
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Illustration of the impedance-transforming balun, showing physical dimensions, and a photograph of the balun used.
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S-parameter measurement of the balun. The red and blue lines represent |S11| and |S21|, respectively.
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The measured |S11| on the ground.
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The relative permittivity (A) and loss tangent (B) of lunar soil as a function of density.
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Schematic diagram showing a simplified lunar surface structure model, with relative permittivities and loss tangents.
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Simulation results for a membrane antenna in free space.
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(A) Antenna impedance on the lunar surface. (B) |S11| for various reference impedance values.
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Comparison of |S11| for different relative permittivity (A) and loss tangent (B).
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The beam pattern of the membrane antenna model.
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Effects of relative permittivity on beam pattern .
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Effects of the loss tangent on beam pattern.
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Comparison of antenna efficiency of membrane antennas in free space and on the lunar surface.
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